30a
vma
me4
olgc
me2
prm
sum
fbb
3ed
cei
ced
2ed
leb
lea
Underground Sea
Reserved ListLand — Island Swamp
Oracle Text
(
: Add 
or 
.)
: Add or .)Format Legality
LegacyVintageDuel Commander
Competitive Play by Format
Top 8 decklists that played Underground Sea, by format.
| Format | Decks 30d | Avg 30d | Decks 12mo | Avg 12mo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vintage | 43 | 2.9 | 749 | 2.9 |
| Legacy | 63 | 2.3 | 747 | 2.9 |
| Duel Commander | 6 | 1 | 236 | 1 |
Details
- Set
- 30th Anniversary Edition
- Rarity
- Rare
- Mana value
- 0
- Collector #
- 281
Non-foil
Recent Top-8 Decks Playing Underground Sea
7
Final: 7 |
Main Deck
Creatures (6)
Sorceries (12)
Instants (21)
Lands (18)
- 1 Badlands$235.61 7.87 tix
- 1 Island$0.05 0.01 tix
- 4 Polluted Delta$19.01 2.38 tix
- 1 Scalding Tarn$38.92 4.30 tix
- 1 Swamp$0.09 0.01 tix
- 1 Undercity Sewers$9.44 7.26 tix
- 1 Underground Sea$393.31 14.40 tix
- 2 Underground Sea$393.31 14.40 tix
- 1 Volcanic Island$305.76 15.01 tix
- 4 Wasteland$8.44 0.02 tix
- 1 Xander's Lounge$12.85 0.13 tix
Sideboard
8
Final: 8 |
Main Deck
Creatures (16)
Sorceries (7)
Instants (16)
Artifacts (2)
Lands (19)
Sideboard
6
Final: 6 |
Main Deck
Creatures (5)
Sorceries (17)
Instants (18)
Lands (16)
Sideboard
- 1 Consign to Memory
$3.45
26.97 tix
- 1 Duress
$0.08
0.01 tix
- 2 Force of Negation
$48.99
19.20 tix - 1 Hurkyl's Recall
$1.60
1.01 tix
- 1 Into the Flood Maw
$2.47
9.73 tix
- 1 Long Goodbye
$0.21
0.02 tix
- 1 Nihil Spellbomb
$1.87
0.03 tix
- 1 Nihil Spellbomb
$1.87
0.03 tix
- 1 Orcish Bowmasters
$45.82
7.15 tix
- 1 Reanimate
$7.68
0.02 tix
- 1 Sheoldred, the Apocalypse
$79.35
6.46 tix - 2 Tamiyo, Inquisitive Student— —
- 1 Vision Charm
$1.85
7.69 tix
2
Final: 2 | Swiss: 5
Main Deck
Creatures (9)
Sorceries (12)
Instants (16)
Artifacts (5)
Planeswalkers (2)
Lands (16)
Sideboard
1
Final: 1 | Swiss: 6
Main Deck
Creatures (13)
Sorceries (12)
Instants (15)
Enchantments (1)
Lands (19)
Sideboard
8
Final: 8 | Swiss: 8
Main Deck
Creatures (9)
Sorceries (16)
Instants (13)
Artifacts (4)
Enchantments (4)
Lands (14)
Sideboard
4
Final: 4 | Swiss: 2
Main Deck
Creatures (13)
Sorceries (12)
Instants (15)
Enchantments (1)
Lands (19)
Sideboard
- 3 Barrowgoyf
$12.89
24.41 tix
- 1 Blue Elemental Blast
$1.28
14.21 tix
- 1 Consign to Memory
$3.45
26.97 tix
- 1 Engineered Explosives
$4.66
4.47 tix - 3 Fatal Push
$0.41
0.02 tix
- 1 Force of Negation
$48.99
19.20 tix
- 1 Hurkyl's Recall
$1.60
1.01 tix
- 1 Mindbreak Trap
$6.73
1.50 tix
- 2 Null Rod
$115.10
10.08 tix
- 1 Sheoldred's Edict
$1.03
0.03 tix
4
Final: 4 | Swiss: 7
Main Deck
Creatures (16)
- 1 Emperor of Bones
$1.43
0.50 tix
- 1 Orcish Bowmasters
$45.82
7.15 tix
- 1 Snapcaster Mage
$16.15
0.11 tix
- 1 Vendilion Clique
$3.51
0.02 tix
- 1 Barrowgoyf
$12.89
24.41 tix
- 1 Opposition Agent
$19.58
7.62 tix
- 1 Detective's Phoenix
$0.33
0.02 tix - 1 Simian Spirit Guide
$2.97
0.01 tix
- 1 Abhorrent Oculus
$12.84
17.22 tix
- 1 Subtlety
$14.86
8.00 tix
- 1 Pyrogoyf
$1.81
5.25 tix - 1 Fury
$0.59
0.70 tix
- 1 Troll of Khazad-dûm
$1.03
0.22 tix - 1 Oliphaunt
$0.22
0.01 tix
- 1 Baleful Strix
$0.96
0.22 tix
- 1 Psychic Frog
$4.70
4.64 tix
Sorceries (10)
- 1 Demonic Tutor
$58.29
6.24 tix
- 1 Fiery Confluence
$0.36
3.70 tix
- 1 Lórien Revealed
$4.83
4.86 tix
- 1 Duress
$0.08
0.01 tix
- 1 Inquisition of Kozilek
$0.41
1.00 tix
- 1 Thoughtseize
$6.46
1.60 tix
- 1 Molten Collapse
$0.34
0.02 tix
- 1 Chain Lightning
$0.23
0.01 tix
- 1 Flame Slash
$0.15
0.03 tix
- 1 Expressive Iteration
$0.33
0.02 tix
Instants (32)
- 1 Tainted Pact
$33.04
4.04 tix
- 1 Kolaghan's Command
$0.32
0.02 tix
- 1 Dismember
$3.13
3.79 tix - 1 Consult the Star Charts
$3.30
4.61 tix
- 1 Daze
$0.88
0.02 tix
- 1 Lose Focus
$0.24
0.03 tix
- 1 Mana Leak
$0.18
0.03 tix
- 1 Miscalculation
$0.32
0.27 tix
- 1 Remand
$0.30
0.03 tix
- 1 Sauron's Ransom
$0.59
0.02 tix
- 1 Flame of Anor
$4.66
0.07 tix
- 1 Prismari Command
$0.28
0.07 tix
- 1 Force of Negation
$48.99
19.20 tix
- 1 Snuff Out
$5.53
9.53 tix
- 1 Pyrokinesis
$1.59
7.31 tix - 1 Cling to Dust
$0.28
0.03 tix
- 1 Cut Down
$0.38
0.03 tix
- 1 Fatal Push
$0.41
0.02 tix
- 1 Terminate
$0.28
0.02 tix
- 1 Galvanic Discharge
$0.25
0.03 tix
- 1 Lightning Bolt
$0.80
0.02 tix
- 1 Tarfire
$0.27
0.03 tix
- 1 Unholy Heat
$0.28
0.01 tix
- 1 Brainstorm
$1.19
0.99 tix
- 1 Force Spike
$0.91
0.04 tix
- 1 Spell Snare
$0.36
0.21 tix
- 1 Stern Scolding
$0.29
0.34 tix
- 1 Wash Away
$0.39
0.03 tix
- 1 Drown in the Loch
$1.02
0.03 tix
- 1 Siphon Insight
$0.22
0.02 tix
- 1 Counterspell
$1.29
0.02 tix
- 1 Mental Misstep
$8.17
0.02 tix
Artifacts (1)
Lands (38)
- 1 Arena of Glory$7.26 0.73 tix
- 1 Arid Mesa$30.60 3.49 tix
- 1 Badlands$235.61 7.87 tix
- 1 Blazemire Verge$8.71 0.07 tix
- 1 Blood Crypt$9.27 0.02 tix
- 1 Bloodstained Mire$14.22 1.78 tix
- 1 Command Tower$0.28 0.01 tix
- 1 Cori Mountain Monastery$0.39 0.38 tix
- 1 Dragonskull Summit$0.45 0.02 tix
- 1 Drowned Catacomb$1.29 0.02 tix
- 1 Flooded Strand$11.37 2.46 tix
- 1 Gloomlake Verge$9.93 0.36 tix
- 1 Great Furnace$2.15 8.44 tix
- 1 Island$0.05 0.01 tix
- 1 Marsh Flats$31.46 0.88 tix
- 1 Mistrise Village$8.24 0.50 tix
- 1 Misty Rainforest$35.64 1.84 tix
- 1 Mountain$0.06 0.01 tix
- 1 Otawara, Soaring City$27.50 2.01 tix
- 1 Polluted Delta$19.01 2.38 tix
- 1 Prismatic Vista$25.91 3.23 tix
- 1 Raucous Theater$10.18 1.27 tix
- 1 Riverpyre Verge$20.71 0.71 tix
- 1 Scalding Tarn$38.92 4.30 tix
- 1 Seat of the Synod$0.64 1.09 tix
- 1 Snow-Covered Island$1.02 0.01 tix
- 1 Snow-Covered Swamp$0.51 0.01 tix
- 1 Steam Vents$12.06 0.20 tix
- 1 Sulfur Falls$0.27 0.02 tix
- 1 Swamp$0.09 0.01 tix
- 1 Thundering Falls$14.67 6.91 tix
- 1 Undercity Sewers$9.44 7.26 tix
- 1 Underground Sea$393.31 14.40 tix
- 1 Vault of Whispers$1.75 4.45 tix
- 1 Verdant Catacombs$28.46 1.26 tix
- 1 Volcanic Island$305.76 15.01 tix
- 1 Watery Grave$8.76 0.02 tix
- 1 Wooded Foothills$16.84 2.49 tix
Sideboard
4
Final: 4 | Swiss: 7
Main Deck
Creatures (8)
Sorceries (7)
Instants (18)
- 1 Daze
$0.88
0.02 tix
- 3 Force of Negation
$48.99
19.20 tix
- 4 Force of Will
$25.46
10.21 tix
- 1 Dig Through Time
$0.22
0.02 tix - 3 Fatal Push
$0.41
0.02 tix
- 1 Ancestral Recall
$559.99
6.47 tix
- 1 Brainstorm
$1.19
0.99 tix
- 1 Flusterstorm
$6.42
1.77 tix
- 2 Spell Pierce
$0.23
0.01 tix
- 1 Mental Misstep
$8.17
0.02 tix
Artifacts (8)
Enchantments (1)
Lands (18)
Sideboard
5
Final: 5 | Swiss: 1
Main Deck
Creatures (12)
Sorceries (12)
Instants (17)
Enchantments (1)
Lands (18)
Sideboard
7
Final: 7 | Swiss: 3
Main Deck
Creatures (10)
Instants (14)
Lands (19)
- 1 Bayou$226.24 5.59 tix
- 2 Flooded Strand$11.37 2.46 tix
- 1 Flooded Strand$11.37 2.46 tix
- 1 Island$0.05 0.01 tix
- 3 Misty Rainforest$35.64 1.84 tix
- 1 Plains$0.08 0.01 tix
- 1 Savannah$194.99 3.51 tix
- 2 Scalding Tarn$38.92 4.30 tix
- 1 Scrubland$215.00 4.12 tix
- 1 Taiga$215.00 4.10 tix
- 1 Tropical Island$312.50 9.90 tix
- 1 Tundra$278.32 13.54 tix
- 1 Underground Sea$393.31 14.40 tix
- 1 Volcanic Island$305.76 15.01 tix
- 1 Xander's Lounge$12.85 0.13 tix
Sideboard
3
Final: 3 | Swiss: 3
Main Deck
Creatures (6)
Sorceries (12)
Instants (25)
- 1 Force of Negation
$48.99
19.20 tix
- 4 Force of Will
$25.46
10.21 tix
- 1 Gush
$2.54
0.04 tix
- 1 Dig Through Time
$0.22
0.02 tix
- 4 Dark Ritual
$3.25
0.02 tix
- 1 Demonic Consultation
$7.17
1.19 tix
- 1 Vampiric Tutor
$51.00
0.03 tix
- 1 Ancestral Recall
$559.99
6.47 tix
- 1 Brainstorm
$1.19
0.99 tix
- 1 Chain of Vapor
$9.44
0.05 tix
- 4 Consider
$0.24
0.01 tix
- 3 Flusterstorm
$6.42
1.77 tix
- 1 Mystical Tutor
$13.32
0.20 tix
- 1 Mental Misstep
$8.17
0.02 tix
Lands (14)
Sideboard
8
Final: 8 | Swiss: 8
Main Deck
Creatures (5)
Sorceries (10)
Instants (14)
Artifacts (16)
- 1 Black Lotus
$3000.00
52.25 tix - 1 Mana Crypt
$40.33
1.70 tix
- 3 Mishra's Bauble
$1.64
0.02 tix
- 1 Mishra's Bauble
$1.64
0.02 tix
- 1 Mox Emerald
$601.99
15.03 tix
- 1 Mox Jet
$674.99
25.02 tix
- 2 Mox Opal
$234.22
16.59 tix
- 1 Mox Pearl
$535.99
15.09 tix
- 1 Mox Ruby
$445.26
12.81 tix
- 1 Mox Sapphire
$544.49
31.29 tix
- 1 Mana Vault
$86.50
3.00 tix
- 1 Sol Ring
$1.16
0.03 tix
- 1 Vexing Bauble
$2.09
5.00 tix
Lands (15)
- 1 Flooded Strand$11.37 2.46 tix
- 1 Island$0.05 0.01 tix
- 1 Meticulous Archive$9.65 4.12 tix
- 2 Misty Rainforest$35.64 1.84 tix
- 2 Polluted Delta$19.01 2.38 tix
- 1 Scalding Tarn$38.92 4.30 tix
- 1 Tolarian Academy$177.50 3.32 tix
- 2 Tundra$278.32 13.54 tix
- 1 Underground Sea$393.31 14.40 tix
- 1 Urza's Saga$35.76 13.35 tix
- 2 Volcanic Island$305.76 15.01 tix
Sideboard
- 1 Dismember
$3.13
3.79 tix
- 1 Force of Negation
$48.99
19.20 tix
- 1 Force of Negation
$48.99
19.20 tix
- 1 Lurrus of the Dream-Den
$2.39
0.02 tix - 1 Nihil Spellbomb
$1.87
0.03 tix
- 3 Portable Hole
$0.30
0.03 tix - 2 Pyroblast
$3.38
21.86 tix
- 1 Soul-Guide Lantern
$0.21
0.02 tix
- 1 Soul-Guide Lantern
$0.21
0.02 tix
- 3 Swords to Plowshares
$1.19
0.04 tix
2
Final: 2 | Swiss: 1
Main Deck
Creatures (10)
Sorceries (7)
Instants (18)
- 3 Force of Negation
$48.99
19.20 tix
- 4 Force of Will
$25.46
10.21 tix
- 1 Dig Through Time
$0.22
0.02 tix
- 1 Ancestral Recall
$559.99
6.47 tix
- 1 Brainstorm
$1.19
0.99 tix
- 1 Flusterstorm
$6.42
1.77 tix
- 3 Spell Pierce
$0.23
0.01 tix
- 1 Mental Misstep
$8.17
0.02 tix
- 2 Swords to Plowshares
$1.19
0.04 tix
- 1 Swords to Plowshares
$1.19
0.04 tix
Artifacts (6)
Lands (19)
- 2 Flooded Strand$11.37 2.46 tix
- 2 Misty Rainforest$35.64 1.84 tix
- 1 Polluted Delta$19.01 2.38 tix
- 1 Scalding Tarn$38.92 4.30 tix
- 1 Strip Mine$11.09 1.67 tix
- 3 Tundra$278.32 13.54 tix
- 1 Undercity Sewers$9.44 7.26 tix
- 3 Underground Sea$393.31 14.40 tix
- 1 Urza's Saga$35.76 13.35 tix
- 4 Wasteland$8.44 0.02 tix
Sideboard
- 1 Consign to Memory
$3.45
26.97 tix
- 3 Containment Priest
$0.29
0.10 tix
- 1 Dismember
$3.13
3.79 tix
- 1 Fatal Push
$0.41
0.02 tix
- 1 Fragmentize
$0.23
0.03 tix
- 1 Grafdigger's Cage
$2.15
0.30 tix
- 1 Lurrus of the Dream-Den
$2.39
0.02 tix
- 2 Nihil Spellbomb
$1.87
0.03 tix
- 2 Null Rod
$115.10
10.08 tix
- 1 Swords to Plowshares
$1.19
0.04 tix
- 1 The Tabernacle at Pendrell Vale$2899.99 10.95 tix
5
Final: 5 | Swiss: 5
Main Deck
Creatures (16)
- 1 Emperor of Bones
$1.43
0.50 tix
- 1 Orcish Bowmasters
$45.82
7.15 tix
- 1 Snapcaster Mage
$16.15
0.11 tix
- 1 Vendilion Clique
$3.51
0.02 tix
- 1 Barrowgoyf
$12.89
24.41 tix
- 1 Opposition Agent
$19.58
7.62 tix
- 1 Detective's Phoenix
$0.33
0.02 tix
- 1 Simian Spirit Guide
$2.97
0.01 tix
- 1 Abhorrent Oculus
$12.84
17.22 tix
- 1 Subtlety
$14.86
8.00 tix
- 1 Pyrogoyf
$1.81
5.25 tix
- 1 Fury
$0.59
0.70 tix
- 1 Troll of Khazad-dûm
$1.03
0.22 tix
- 1 Oliphaunt
$0.22
0.01 tix
- 1 Baleful Strix
$0.96
0.22 tix
- 1 Psychic Frog
$4.70
4.64 tix
Sorceries (9)
Instants (33)
- 1 Tainted Pact
$33.04
4.04 tix
- 1 Kolaghan's Command
$0.32
0.02 tix
- 1 Dismember
$3.13
3.79 tix
- 1 Consult the Star Charts
$3.30
4.61 tix
- 1 Daze
$0.88
0.02 tix
- 1 Lose Focus
$0.24
0.03 tix
- 1 Mana Leak
$0.18
0.03 tix
- 1 Remand
$0.30
0.03 tix
- 1 Sauron's Ransom
$0.59
0.02 tix
- 1 Flame of Anor
$4.66
0.07 tix
- 1 Prismari Command
$0.28
0.07 tix
- 1 Force of Negation
$48.99
19.20 tix
- 1 Snuff Out
$5.53
9.53 tix
- 1 Murderous Cut
$0.32
0.03 tix
- 1 Pyrokinesis
$1.59
7.31 tix
- 1 Cling to Dust
$0.28
0.03 tix
- 1 Cut Down
$0.38
0.03 tix
- 1 Fatal Push
$0.41
0.02 tix
- 1 Terminate
$0.28
0.02 tix
- 1 Galvanic Discharge
$0.25
0.03 tix
- 1 Lightning Bolt
$0.80
0.02 tix
- 1 Tarfire
$0.27
0.03 tix
- 1 Unholy Heat
$0.28
0.01 tix
- 1 Brainstorm
$1.19
0.99 tix
- 1 Force Spike
$0.91
0.04 tix
- 1 Spell Snare
$0.36
0.21 tix
- 1 Stern Scolding
$0.29
0.34 tix
- 1 Wash Away
$0.39
0.03 tix
- 1 Drown in the Loch
$1.02
0.03 tix
- 1 Siphon Insight
$0.22
0.02 tix
- 1 Counterspell
$1.29
0.02 tix
- 1 Mental Misstep
$8.17
0.02 tix
- 1 Logic Knot
$0.18
0.03 tix
Artifacts (2)
Enchantments (1)
Lands (38)
- 1 Arena of Glory$7.26 0.73 tix
- 1 Arid Mesa$30.60 3.49 tix
- 1 Badlands$235.61 7.87 tix
- 1 Blazemire Verge$8.71 0.07 tix
- 1 Blood Crypt$9.27 0.02 tix
- 1 Bloodstained Mire$14.22 1.78 tix
- 1 Command Tower$0.28 0.01 tix
- 1 Cori Mountain Monastery$0.39 0.38 tix
- 1 Dragonskull Summit$0.45 0.02 tix
- 1 Drowned Catacomb$1.29 0.02 tix
- 1 Flooded Strand$11.37 2.46 tix
- 1 Gloomlake Verge$9.93 0.36 tix
- 1 Great Furnace$2.15 8.44 tix
- 1 Island$0.05 0.01 tix
- 1 Marsh Flats$31.46 0.88 tix
- 1 Mistrise Village$8.24 0.50 tix
- 1 Misty Rainforest$35.64 1.84 tix
- 1 Mountain$0.06 0.01 tix
- 1 Otawara, Soaring City$27.50 2.01 tix
- 1 Polluted Delta$19.01 2.38 tix
- 1 Prismatic Vista$25.91 3.23 tix
- 1 Raucous Theater$10.18 1.27 tix
- 1 Riverpyre Verge$20.71 0.71 tix
- 1 Scalding Tarn$38.92 4.30 tix
- 1 Seat of the Synod$0.64 1.09 tix
- 1 Snow-Covered Island$1.02 0.01 tix
- 1 Snow-Covered Swamp$0.51 0.01 tix
- 1 Steam Vents$12.06 0.20 tix
- 1 Sulfur Falls$0.27 0.02 tix
- 1 Swamp$0.09 0.01 tix
- 1 Thundering Falls$14.67 6.91 tix
- 1 Undercity Sewers$9.44 7.26 tix
- 1 Underground Sea$393.31 14.40 tix
- 1 Vault of Whispers$1.75 4.45 tix
- 1 Verdant Catacombs$28.46 1.26 tix
- 1 Volcanic Island$305.76 15.01 tix
- 1 Watery Grave$8.76 0.02 tix
- 1 Wooded Foothills$16.84 2.49 tix
Sideboard
4
Final: 4 | Swiss: 8
Main Deck
Creatures (10)
Sorceries (12)
Instants (16)
Artifacts (1)
Enchantments (1)
Lands (20)
Sideboard
5
Final: 5 | Swiss: 1
Main Deck
Creatures (9)
Sorceries (12)
Instants (18)
Enchantments (1)
Lands (20)
- 1 Bloodstained Mire$14.22 1.78 tix
- 1 Flooded Strand$11.37 2.46 tix
- 1 Marsh Flats$31.46 0.88 tix
- 1 Misty Rainforest$35.64 1.84 tix
- 4 Polluted Delta$19.01 2.38 tix
- 1 Scalding Tarn$38.92 4.30 tix
- 1 Snow-Covered Island$1.02 0.01 tix
- 1 Snow-Covered Swamp$0.51 0.01 tix
- 2 Undercity Sewers$9.44 7.26 tix
- 3 Underground Sea$393.31 14.40 tix
- 4 Wasteland$8.44 0.02 tix
Sideboard
3
Final: 3 | Swiss: 3
Main Deck
Creatures (12)
Sorceries (12)
Instants (16)
Enchantments (1)
Lands (19)
- 1 Bloodstained Mire$14.22 1.78 tix
- 1 Flooded Strand$11.37 2.46 tix
- 1 Island$0.05 0.01 tix
- 1 Misty Rainforest$35.64 1.84 tix
- 4 Polluted Delta$19.01 2.38 tix
- 1 Scalding Tarn$38.92 4.30 tix
- 1 Swamp$0.09 0.01 tix
- 2 Undercity Sewers$9.44 7.26 tix
- 4 Underground Sea$393.31 14.40 tix
- 3 Wasteland$8.44 0.02 tix
Sideboard
7
Final: 7 | Swiss: 6
Main Deck
Creatures (6)
Sorceries (12)
Instants (21)
Lands (18)
- 1 Badlands$235.61 7.87 tix
- 1 Island$0.05 0.01 tix
- 4 Polluted Delta$19.01 2.38 tix
- 1 Scalding Tarn$38.92 4.30 tix
- 1 Swamp$0.09 0.01 tix
- 1 Undercity Sewers$9.44 7.26 tix
- 1 Underground Sea$393.31 14.40 tix
- 2 Underground Sea$393.31 14.40 tix
- 1 Volcanic Island$305.76 15.01 tix
- 4 Wasteland$8.44 0.02 tix
- 1 Xander's Lounge$12.85 0.13 tix
Sideboard
8
Final: 8 | Swiss: 8
Main Deck
Creatures (5)
Sorceries (18)
Instants (16)
Lands (16)
- 1 Cavern of Souls$51.25 0.61 tix
- 1 Flooded Strand$11.37 2.46 tix
- 1 Island$0.05 0.01 tix
- 1 Marsh Flats$31.46 0.88 tix
- 1 Misty Rainforest$35.64 1.84 tix
- 2 Polluted Delta$19.01 2.38 tix
- 2 Polluted Delta$19.01 2.38 tix
- 1 Scalding Tarn$38.92 4.30 tix
- 1 Swamp$0.09 0.01 tix
- 1 Undercity Sewers$9.44 7.26 tix
- 4 Underground Sea$393.31 14.40 tix
